Monday, May 31, 2010

Oats and wheat pancakes



Miss E, our two-year old granddaughter, arrived Sunday afternoon for a sleepover. It's always fun to have the charming Miss E running around the house (she never walks), sharing meals and snacks with us. She loves to eat and is willing to try just about anything before passing judgement. She's just started using the word love to describe how she feels about things, and it's hilarious to hear her tiny self say things like, "I love tempeh!," or "I love pink!" or "I love quinoa!" For dinner she had some unusual-looking seitan which she tentatively picked up and nibbled before exclaiming, I LIKE it!"

Miss E likes to have pancakes for breakfast when she stays with us but I was debating between pancakes and oatmeal, and ended up making pancakes with half wheat and half oats. I even measured the ingredients so I could post a recipe. Then I searched this blog to make sure I hadn't posted the exact recipe before and nope, not the exact one. So here it is.



Oats and wheat pancakes
  • 1 cup white whole wheat flour
  • 1 cup regular rolled oats, ground to flour in blender or food processor
  • 1 tablespoon evaporated cane juice (natural sugar)
  • 1 teaspoon baking powder
  • 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
  • 1/4 teaspoon sea salt (optional)
  • 1-3/4 cups soy or other non-dairy milk
  • 1 teaspoon cider vinegar or rice vinegar
  • 2 tablespoons canola oil
  1. In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, oats, sugar, baking powder, baking soda and salt, if using.
  2. Add the vinegar to the milk and stir to curdle. Stir the oil into the milk.
  3. Add the wet ingredients to the dry and mix together. The batter will be fairly thick, but if it seems too thick, add a small amount of additional milk.
  4. Heat a cast iron griddle over medium heat until hot, then lightly oil it by spreading the oil with a spatula. Throw a few drops of water onto the pan and if it hisses and jumps, it's ready.
  5. Drop batter onto the pan to make approximately 2" pancakes. When bubbles form on top and the edges look dry, turn the pancakes over and cook about 15-30 seconds or until browned.
  6. Serve with pure maple syrup, applesauce, or the topping of your choice.
Makes 4 — 6 servings.



Update: I had batter left over so I stored it in a glass container in the refrigerator. On Wednesday morning I made pancakes again, and they were just as yummy (maybe even better) than they were on Monday. Of course I had to add a little more soymilk to the batter because it had thickened, but having the batter in the fridge made pancakes seem as easy as cold cereal. Well, almost! Had them with date syrup.

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Food odds and ends



When my husband is out of town I tend to make myself simple suppers that usually end up being stir fries cooked in my wok. I love cooking in my wok. It's the perfect place to make a one-dish meal. Here's a little back story about our wok. We bought our favorite, flat-bottomed wok when we were living in Australia. We were visiting a living museum — a reconstructed mining town focused on the 19th century Australian gold rush era. All the businesses of the town were functioning as they would have been back in 1861; the bakery sold bread, the foundry produced metal objects, etc. Since many Chinese people had been brought to the area to work on the railroads, Chinese culture influenced the products available in the town. The foundry of the mining town made woks, and, missing my wok from home while living in Geelong, I bought one! We still have it and use it often.





Here's a dinner made from leftovers brought home from Bamboo Garden, a vegan Chinese restaurant. (Everything served at the restaurant is vegan except the fortune cookies.) The crunchy-looking tidbit on the right is fried yuba. After reheating, it had lost its crunchy texture, if not its crunchy appearance. Still tasted great, though.



This is what I currently see when I look out my kitchen door. It seems to be a rhododendron tree. Seattle is loaded with rhododendrons. They're not only abundant, they're enormous. Everywhere I go they are in bloom. I'm familiar with the shrub variety but until I came to Seattle, I'd never seen them grown as trees. The tree is beautiful but piles of the sticky blooms litter the back patio and constantly get tracked into the house. I no sooner sweep them up than they are all back again. It's hard to believe that the tree hasn't run out of blossoms yet.

New Citroën C4 Breaks Cover: First Official Pictures of Focus Fighter


Citroën just couldn't wait until this fall's Paris Salon to show us the all-new C4 five-door hatchback as the French automaker decided to release the first official photos of its C-segment model. As with the current C4, the new compact hatch will take on the likes of the VW Golf, Renault Megane, Ford Focus, Opel Astra and Toyota Auris.

If you're thinking it looks familiar in a conservative kind of way, you're probably right as the 2011 C4 is the five-door version of Citroën's near-production DS High Rider concept that was first shown at this year's Geneva Salon.

Read more »

Yabba Dabba Doo Porsche 911 GT3 RS: Pedal-Powered Sports Machine Made from Cardboard and Aluminum Foil


This here is the Ferdinand 911 GT3 RS - without doubt, the most technologically advanced and at the same time environmentally-friendly and fuel efficient Porsche model ever to see the light of day.

It uses a high tech chassis bonded together with a special adhesive tape coated in polyethylene while the body is finger-made from exotic lightweight materials such as thin sheets of paperboard covered in a space-age aluminum foil that serves various purposes.

In this case, power is provided by a left-to-mid-mounted human-boxer unit capable of delivering a yawn-inspiring 1 fhp (foot horsepower) when fully fed, relaxed and emotionally happy.

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Audi's Über Cool Soccer Table Enters Production, on Sale for €12,900 / US$15,900


Remember that awesome -conceptual then- soccer table from Audi's design team that we showed you back in the summer of 2008? Well, almost two years later and Audi has taken the decision to produce the soccer table in a limited series of hand-made models.

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Seat Announces Sporty Looking Ibiza SC Sport Limited Edition


Seat has announced the availability of a new special edition version of its three-door Ibiza SC (Sports Coupe) for the German market. The Ibiza SC Sport Limited comes in a Lamborghini-like "Lumina Orange" finish and only with the not-so sporty 105HP 1.6-liter petrol engine. The production run will be limited to 300 cars.

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Sunday, May 30, 2010

SPIED: 2011 BMW M5 Super Saloon Sheds More Camouflage


Now that there's less reason for secrecy since we've already seen the standard versions of the new F10 5-Series on the road, BMW has started peeling off the psychedelic camouflage from its 2011 M5 prototypes.

Key stylistic highlights of the new M5's look will include the four tailpipes, chunkier front and rear bumper designs, unique exterior mirrors and alloy wheels while there's also talk about a carbon fiber roof and bootlid which should also help reduce weight.

As we've already told you in earlier posts, BMW's new uper saloon will be the first M5 to adopt turbocharging with power coming from a reworked version of the X5 M and X6 M's 4.4-liter bi-turbo V8 that replaces the current model's V10 unit.

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Saturday, May 29, 2010

Dealer Selling Jean Alesi's Ferrari F1 Scuderia Tipo 642 Racer


If you're looking to buy a genuine Formula One race car this may be your chance. A Florida-based dealer has put up for sale a 1991 Ferrari F1 Scuderia Tipo 642 racer with chassis No. 126.

The seller claims that the car, which is powered by a 3.5-liter V12 engine linked to a seven-speed gearbox, was used in the 1991 Formula One season by French driver Jean Alesi who had then just signed for Williams Ferrari.

After being replaced by the Tipo 643, this car was rebuilt and prepared for private sale by the Ferrari factory at the end of the same season. Now it could be yours for a 'mere' US$700,000 or about €565,000 at today's exchange rates. More details and pictures after the jump.

Read more »

New Skoda Superb Fastback Design Concept


With Volkswagen and Audi both featuring what marketers and advertising agencies like to call "four-door coupe" models in their range (the Passat CC and A5 Sportback respectively), one wonders why the German group hasn't added a similar model to their more mainstream brands, Seat and Skoda.

Czech architect and designer Pavel Hrubyi decided to take matters in his own hands (or so to speak) and draw a four-door coupe, sportback, fastback or whatever else you would like to call it, proposal for the Skoda brand based on the firm's range-topping Superb saloon.

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Friday, May 28, 2010

That's Gotta Hurt: Tree Falls on New Aston Martin Rapide Sedan and Bentley Continental Supersports


Here's a sight that no driver would like to see his car in, even more so if the vehicles in question are a spanking-new $200,000+ Aston Martin Rapide sports saloon and a Bentley Continental Supersports.

According to Joel Feder (the man who took these photos), the incident happened at the Midwestern Automotive Media Association earlier this week when a thunderstorm followed by hail and strong winds took down a tree that landed right on the parked Aston Martin and Bentley.

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Designer Revives Ford Thunderbird with Hardtop Roadster Concept


The last time we saw the Thunderbird nameplate in Ford's lineup was in 2005, and from what we know, the Detroit automaker has no immediate plans to revive it. Nevertheless, this hasn't stopped Brazilian designer Eduardo Oliveira from coming up with a conceptual proposal for a new Ford Thunderbird model with a retractable hardtop.

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VIDEO: Drunk Driver Simply Refuses to Stop, "Crashes" Serbian Parliament!


It may look like a commercial for the Citroen C5, but it's not. What you see going on here in this amateur video is an unbelievable incident that took place (literally) in front of the Serbian parliamentary building.

It all started when a middle-aged man (evidently intoxicated) drove his Citroen C5 on the opposite side of the road. A police officer attempted to stop the driver by opening the door of his car and talk some reason into him.

At first, it looked like the police man succeeded and that the driver was willing to make a 'U' turn and stop on the other side of the road, but he didn't...

Read more »

Spyker Searching for a Partner to Build Modern-Day SAAB 92


Saab's automobile range may be expanded in the near future with a new small car inspired by the Swedish firm's teardrop-shaped 92 model of the 1950s if the company's CEO Victor Muller gets his way.

In a telephone interview with Bloomberg, Muller revealed that his company is in talks with automakers to share technology and a platform for the modern-day 92 or in Saab's current lingo, the 9-2.

Read more »

One-Off 1960 Pininfarina X Concept up for Sale


No, this isn't the real-life car of George Jetson. It's the 1960 Pininfarina X, a futuristic concept from the famous Italian design house for a four-door saloon with three wheels and an aerodynamically shaped body that was said to achieve a drag coefficient of 0,23. Pininfarina's concept model features a 43HP Fiat engine of the same era.

Read more »

New Kia Soul Edition Irmscher 001


Another day, another special edition version of the Kia Soul. This one comes from Germany and it's the result of the cooperation between the South Korean automaker and the tuning house Irmscher.

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SCOOP: Opel's Sexy-Looking Three-door Astra GTC Caught out in the Open


The new Astra range continues to expand. Following a series of spy shots and videos of the Sports Tourer model, our man with the long-lens has snapped the dramatically styled replacement to the three-door Opel / Vauxhall Astra GTC while out and about in Germany.

Due to be revealed at the Paris Motor Show in October before arriving in most European markets in early 2011, the new three-door variant of the Astra hatch follows in the footsteps of the outgoing GTC boasting a more rakish appearance than its five-door sibling.

Read more »

New Alfa Romeo Giulietta Brochure


We've already brought you heaps of images of Alfa Romeo's new Giulietta hatch (click here for the gallery), but we thought you might also be interested in the car's official brochure. Unfortunately, the English version of the brochure was only 6-pages long, so we opted to upload photos of the Italian edition which is more comprehensive. Follow the jump to check it out.

Read more »

VW Develops Customer Magazine as an App for Apple's iPad


Volkswagen is the latest automaker to jump into the bandwagon of Apple's iPad by developing a digital customer magazine as an app specially for the tablet computer. The magazine goes by the name DAS, which stands for "Digital Automotive Space". It will be published quarterly in five languages and will be accessible throughout Europe.

"DAS is an important building block in Volkswagen's digital marketing strategy and gives us the opportunity for an interactive dialog with our customers," says Luca de Meo, Head of Marketing at VW. "Our goal is to transmit the fascination of the brand and its products in a new digital dimension, creating a global experience."

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Thursday, May 27, 2010

Subaru to Launch New Impreza WRX STI Sedan and Impreza XV in Japan


Following on from the world premiere of the four-door sedan version of the 2011 Impreza WRX STI at the New York Auto Show in April and the Impreza XV crossover at the Geneva Motor Show in March, Subaru has confirmed that both cars will be offered in Japan with sales set to begin this June.

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Dodge Challenger: 40 Years in Pictures


Challenger turns 40-ish this year. Well, actually, it's like a 40-year range over which the Challenger name was used a few times and to celebrate, Chrysler has given a photo-run-through of the model's rich history.

Over the course of its first generation, ranging from 1970-74, the Challenger was offered with an inline six-cylinder and many choices of V8. The 8-cylinder options ranged from a 318 cubic inch unit making 230 horsepower to the 425-horse 426 Hemi and 390-horse 440 (output numbers dipped consistently as the oil crisis developed).

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Report: Ford Planning to Kill Mercury Division, Maybe as Soon as Year's End


Mercury, the maker of higher grade Ford models with waterfall grilles such as the Milan and Grande Marquis, will have the same fate of GM's Pontiac and Saturn brands, according to a report from Bloomberg citing two unnamed people familiar with the plan.

The news agency said that Ford Motor Co executives could ask the automaker's board of directors as early as July to green-lit the (eventual) axing of the Mercury brand.

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Russia's Met-R Creates the BMW X6 Interceptor


Here are some photos of a BMW X6 wide-body kit designed by Zaur Khalilov of Zaoor Design. Created for Met-R, a Moscow-based tuning shop, it's called the Interceptor. As with any X6-based work, the actual work has to be evaluated (not the car). The Interceptor's nose is nice and aggressive, and those vertical driving lights just add to it. Even the matte black helps, but that's about as far as it goes.

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VIDEO: Bucket Head Jumps Russian "VIP" Car Over Illegal Use of Police-Like Light to Cut Through Traffic


It seems that obnoxious neo-rich "VIP" Russians are (illegally) using the same kind of flashing blue rooftop lights found on official government vehicles to cut through traffic, and this is starting to get on the nerves of everyday people.

One man in Moscow decided to take action by putting a bucket on his head and climbing over one of these cars as its driver was trying to use the blue light to bypass traffic. Watch what happened in the video after the break.

Read more »

Nissan Prices Juke Crossover from £12,795 in Britain


Nissan's controversially styled Juke compact crossover model will be priced from £12,795 OTR when it goes on sale in the UK in late September, the automaker announced today (see U.S.-market version here).

This means that Nissan is targeting buyers in the supermini segment with the Juke. For example, the new Ford Fiesta starts from £11,645, but that's the price for the entry-level three-door model with a puny 60HP 1.25-liter petrol unit. The basic version of the Juke is powered by a 117-horsepower 1.6-liter petrol engine.

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Infiniti Developing 'IPL' Performance Division?


Does Infiniti dare take on the likes of BMW's M, Mercedes-Benz's AMG, and Audi's S/RS/quattro? Probably not immediately, but recent reports indicate that something performance-minded is going on at Nissan's luxury brand. Infiniti has begun the process of establishing IPL, or the Infiniti Performance Line.

IPL is likely to be much like Nismo, providing sport suspensions, spoilers, seats, and shift knobs. For those wanting more (like a supercharged M luxo-barge), there's some light at the end of the tunnel. According to the filings, Infiniti's high-performance division may work to develop supercharger / turbocharger applications.

Read more »

Another Pointless 90th Anniversary Special from Mazda: New Biante 20S NAVI


This year marks the 90th anniversary of Mazda, and to celebrate, the Japanese automaker is building all sorts of (supposedly) special edition cars for its home market. The latest commemorative model is the JDM-only Biante 20S Navi Special that goes on sale today in a limited run of 400 units.

Read more »

Is Bentley Considering a Shooting Brake Model?


Car and Driver had a chance to sit down with VW board member Stuart McCullough. In regards to future Bentley models, he said, "We have an idea in the back of our minds that we may yet bring to market."

Of course, this immediately led to whisperings and theories of a possible Continental Shooting Brake like Carozzeria Touring Superleggera's Flying Star (see here) that was revealed at this year's edition of the Geneva Motor Show.

Read more »

Karya Seni Tuhan



Perkembangan Gunung Krakatau


Munculnya Gunung Krakatau
Perkembangan Gunung Krakatau

Pulau Rakata, yang merupakan satu dari tiga pulau sisa Gunung Krakatau Purba kemudian tumbuh sesuai dengan dorongan vulkanik dari dalam perut bumi yang dikenal sebagai Gunung Krakatau (atau Gunung Rakata) yang terbuat dari batuan basaltik. Kemudian, dua gunung api muncul dari tengah kawah, bernama Gunung Danan dan Gunung Perbuwatan yang kemudian menyatu dengan Gunung Rakata yang muncul terlebih dahulu. Persatuan ketiga gunung api inilah yang disebut Gunung Krakatau.

Gunung Krakatau pernah meletus pada tahun 1680 menghasilkan lava andesitik asam. Lalu pada tahun 1880, Gunung Perbuwatan aktif mengeluarkan lava meskipun tidak meletus. Setelah masa itu, tidak ada lagi aktivitas vulkanis di Krakatau hingga 20 Mei 1883. Pada hari itu, setelah 200 tahun tertidur, terjadi ledakan kecil pada Gunung Krakatau. Itulah tanda-tanda awal bakal terjadinya letusan dahsyat di Selat Sunda. Ledakan kecil ini kemudian disusul dengan letusan-letusan kecil yang puncaknya terjadi pada 26-27 Agustus 1883.
[sunting] Erupsi 1883
Sebuah litografi yang dibuat pada tahun 1888 yang menggambarkan Gunung Krakatau pada kejadian Erupsi 1883.

Pada hari Senin, 27 Agustus 1883, tepat jam 10.20, meledaklah gunung itu. Menurut Simon Winchester, ahli geologi lulusan Universitas Oxford Inggris yang juga penulis National Geographic mengatakan bahwa ledakan itu adalah yang paling besar, suara paling keras dan peristiwa vulkanik yang paling meluluhlantakkan dalam sejarah manusia modern. Suara letusannya terdengar sampai 4.600 km dari pusat letusan dan bahkan dapat didengar oleh 1/8 penduduk bumi saat itu.

Menurut para peneliti di University of North Dakota, ledakan Krakatau bersama ledakan Tambora (1815) mencatatkan nilai Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) terbesar dalam sejarah modern. The Guiness Book of Records mencatat ledakan Krakatau sebagai ledakan yang paling hebat yang terekam dalam sejarah.

Ledakan Krakatau telah melemparkan batu-batu apung dan abu vulkanik dengan volume 18 kilometer kubik. Semburan debu vulkanisnya mencavai 80 km. Benda-benda keras yang berhamburan ke udara itu jatuh di dataran pulau Jawa dan Sumatera bahkan sampai ke Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Australia dan Selandia Baru.

Letusan itu menghancurkan Gunung Danan, Gunung Perbuwatan serta sebagian Gunung Rakata dimana setengah kerucutnya hilang, membuat cekungan selebar 7 km dan sedalam 250 meter. Gelombang laut naik setinggi 40 meter menghancurkan desa-desa dan apa saja yang berada di pesisir pantai. Tsunami ini timbul bukan hanya karena letusan tetapi juga longsoran bawah laut.

Tercatat jumlah korban yang tewas mencapai 36.417 orang berasal dari 295 kampung kawasan pantai mulai dari Merak (Serang) hingga Cilamaya di Karawang, pantai barat Banten hingga Tanjung Layar di Pulau Panaitan (Ujung Kulon serta Sumatera Bagian selatan. Di Ujungkulon, air bah masuk sampai 15 km ke arah barat. Keesokan harinya sampai beberapa hari kemudian, penduduk Jakarta dan Lampung pedalaman tidak lagi melihat matahari. Gelombang Tsunami yang ditimbulkan bahkan merambat hingga ke pantai Hawaii, pantai barat Amerika Tengah dan Semenanjung Arab yang jauhnya 7 ribu kilometer.
[sunting] Anak Krakatau
Anak Krakatau, dua tahun sejak awal terbentuknya. Foto diambil 12 atau 13 Mei 1929, koleksi Tropenmuseum.

Mulai pada tahun 1927 atau kurang lebih 40 tahun setelah meletusnya Gunung Krakatau, muncul gunung api yang dikenal sebagai Anak Krakatau dari kawasan kaldera purba tersebut yang masih aktif dan tetap bertambah tingginya. Kecepatan pertumbuhan tingginya sekitar 20 inci per bulan. Setiap tahun ia menjadi lebih tinggi sekitar 20 kaki dan lebih lebar 40 kaki. Catatan lain menyebutkan penambahan tinggi sekitar 4 cm per tahun dan jika dihitung, maka dalam waktu 25 tahun penambahan tinggi anak Rakata mencapai 7.500 inci atau 500 kaki lebih tinggi dari 25 tahun sebelumnya. Penyebab tingginya gunung itu disebabkan oleh material yang keluar dari perut gunung baru itu. Saat ini ketinggian Anak Krakatau mencapai sekitar 230 meter di atas permukaan laut, sementara Gunung Krakatau sebelumnya memiliki tinggi 813 meter dari permukaan laut.

Menurut Simon Winchester, sekalipun apa yang terjadi dalam kehidupan Krakatau yang dulu sangat menakutkan, realita-realita geologi, seismik serta tektonik di Jawa dan Sumatera yang aneh akan memastikan bahwa apa yang dulu terjadi pada suatu ketika akan terjadi kembali. Tak ada yang tahu pasti kapan Anak Krakatau akan meletus. Beberapa ahli geologi memprediksi letusan in bakal terjadi antara 2015-2083. Namun pengaruh dari gempa di dasar Samudera Hindia pada 26 Desember 2004 juga tidak bisa diabaikan.
Anak Krakatau, Februari 2008

Menurut Profesor Ueda Nakayama salah seorang ahli gunung api berkebangsaan Jepang, Anak Krakatau masih relatif aman meski aktif dan sering ada letusan kecil, hanya ada saat-saat tertentu para turis dilarang mendekati kawasan ini karena bahaya lava pijar yang dimuntahkan gunung api ini. Para pakar lain menyatakan tidak ada teori yang masuk akal tentang Anak Krakatau yang akan kembali meletus. Kalaupun ada minimal 3 abad lagi atau sesudah 2325 M. Namun yang jelas, angka korban yang ditimbulkan lebih dahsyat dari letusan sebelumnya.

Gunung Krakatau Purba

Melihat kawasan Gunung Krakatau di Selat Sunda, para ahli memperkirakan bahwa pada masa purba terdapat gunung yang sangat besar di Selat Sunda yang akhirnya meletus dahsyat yang menyisakan sebuah kaldera (kawah besar) yang disebut Gunung Krakatau Purba, yang merupakan induk dari Gunung Krakatau yang meletus pada 1883. Gunung ini disusun dari bebatuan andesitik.

Catatan mengenai letusan Krakatau Purba yang diambil dari sebuah teks Jawa Kuno yang berjudul Pustaka Raja Parwa yang diperkirakan berasal dari tahun 416 Masehi. Isinya antara lain menyatakan:
“ Ada suara guntur yang menggelegar berasal dari Gunung Batuwara. Ada pula goncangan bumi yang menakutkan, kegelapan total, petir dan kilat. Kemudian datanglah badai angin dan hujan yang mengerikan dan seluruh badai menggelapkan seluruh dunia. Sebuah banjir besar datang dari Gunung Batuwara dan mengalir ke timur menuju Gunung Kamula.... Ketika air menenggelamkannya, pulau Jawa terpisah menjadi dua, menciptakan pulau Sumatera ”

Pakar geologi Berend George Escher dan beberapa ahli lainnya berpendapat bahwa kejadian alam yang diceritakan berasal dari Gunung Krakatau Purba, yang dalam teks tersebut disebut Gunung Batuwara. Menurut buku Pustaka Raja Parwa tersebut, tinggi Krakatau Purba ini mencapai 2.000 meter di atas permukaan laut, dan lingkaran pantainya mencapai 11 kilometer.

Akibat ledakan yang hebat itu, tiga perempat tubuh Krakatau Purba hancur menyisakan kaldera (kawah besar) di Selat Sunda. Sisi-sisi atau tepi kawahnya dikenal sebagai Pulau Rakata, Pulau Panjang dan Pulau Sertung, dalam catatan lain disebut sebagai Pulau Rakata, Pulau Rakata Kecil dan Pulau Sertung. Letusan gunung ini disinyalir bertanggung- jawab atas terjadinya abad kegelapan di muka bumi. Penyakit sampar bubonic terjadi karena temperatur mendingin. Sampar ini secara signifikan mengurangi jumlah penduduk di muka bumi.

Letusan ini juga dianggap turut andil atas berakhirnya masa kejayaan Persia purba, transmutasi Kerajaan Romawi ke Kerajaan Byzantium, berakhirnya peradaban Arabia Selatan, punahnya kota besar Maya, Tikal dan jatuhnya peradaban Nazca di Amerika Selatan yang penuh teka-teki. Ledakan Krakatau Purba diperkirakan berlangsung selama 10 hari dengan perkiraan kecepatan muntahan massa mencapai 1 juta ton per detik. Ledakan tersebut telah membentuk perisai atmosfer setebal 20-150 meter, menurunkan temperatur sebesar 5-10 derajat selama 10-20 tahun.
[sunting] Munculnya Gunung Krakatau
Perkembangan Gunung Krakatau

Pulau Rakata, yang merupakan satu dari tiga pulau sisa Gunung Krakatau Purba kemudian tumbuh sesuai dengan dorongan vulkanik dari dalam perut bumi yang dikenal sebagai Gunung Krakatau (atau Gunung Rakata) yang terbuat dari batuan basaltik. Kemudian, dua gunung api muncul dari tengah kawah, bernama Gunung Danan dan Gunung Perbuwatan yang kemudian menyatu dengan Gunung Rakata yang muncul terlebih dahulu. Persatuan ketiga gunung api inilah yang disebut Gunung Krakatau.

Gunung Krakatau pernah meletus pada tahun 1680 menghasilkan lava andesitik asam. Lalu pada tahun 1880, Gunung Perbuwatan aktif mengeluarkan lava meskipun tidak meletus. Setelah masa itu, tidak ada lagi aktivitas vulkanis di Krakatau hingga 20 Mei 1883. Pada hari itu, setelah 200 tahun tertidur, terjadi ledakan kecil pada Gunung Krakatau. Itulah tanda-tanda awal bakal terjadinya letusan dahsyat di Selat Sunda. Ledakan kecil ini kemudian disusul dengan letusan-letusan kecil yang puncaknya terjadi pada 26-27 Agustus 1883.

Krakatau


Krakatau adalah kepulauan vulkanik yang masih aktif dan berada di Selat Sunda antara pulau Jawa dan Sumatra. Nama ini pernah disematkan pada satu puncak gunung berapi di sana (Gunung Krakatau) yang sirna karena letusannya sendiri pada tanggal 26-27 Agustus 1883. Letusan itu sangat dahsyat; awan panas dan tsunami yang diakibatkannya menewaskan sekitar 36.000 jiwa. Sampai sebelum tanggal 26 Desember 2004, tsunami ini adalah yang terdahsyat di kawasan Samudera Hindia. Suara letusan itu terdengar sampai di Alice Springs, Australia dan Pulau Rodrigues dekat Afrika, 4.653 kilometer. Daya ledaknya diperkirakan mencapai 30.000 kali bom atom yang diledakkan di Hiroshima dan Nagasaki di akhir Perang Dunia II.
Selat Sunda

Letusan Krakatau menyebabkan perubahan iklim global. Dunia sempat gelap selama dua setengah hari akibat debu vulkanis yang menutupi atmosfer. Matahari bersinar redup sampai setahun berikutnya. Hamburan debu tampak di langit Norwegia hingga New York.

Ledakan Krakatau ini sebenarnya masih kalah dibandingkan dengan letusan Gunung Toba dan Gunung Tambora di Indonesia, Gunung Tanpo di Selandia Baru dan Gunung Katmal di Alaska. Namun gunung-gunung tersebut meletus jauh di masa populasi manusia masih sangat sedikit. Sementara ketika Gunung Krakatau meletus, populasi manusia sudah cukup padat, sains dan teknologi telah berkembang, telegraf sudah ditemukan, dan kabel bawah laut sudah dipasang. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa saat itu teknologi informasi sedang tumbuh dan berkembang pesat.

Tercatat bahwa letusan Gunung Krakatau adalah bencana besar pertama di dunia setelah penemuan telegraf bawah laut. Kemajuan tersebut, sayangnya belum diimbangi dengan kemajuan di bidang geologi. Para ahli geologi saat itu bahkan belum mampu memberikan penjelasan mengenai letusan tersebut.

Gunung Berapi Berbahaya yg Masih Aktif




Mount Etna
Terbesar dari tiga gunung berapi aktif di Italia terletak 3,329 meter diatas permukaan laut di pesisir timur Sisilia. Salah satu gunung berapi yang paling aktif di dunia, Gunung Etna adalah dalam keadaan hampir konstan. Yang paling terakhir adalah letusan abu pada bulan April 2010.

Gunung Berapi Berbahaya yg Masih Aktif


Chaitén
Terletak di Chile selatan, tepi kaldera mencapai 1,122 meter di atas laut dan 3km dengan diameter. Gunung Chait mulai erupsi di Mei 2008. Kekuatan letusan itu meningkat secara dramatis menghasilkan arus awan ledakan dan lava. Pada bulan Februari 2009 yang sebagian disebabkan runtuhnya kubah aliran piroklastik lebih bawah melalui lembah sungai.

Daimler and BYD Join Forces, Create a New Brand with Electric Cars for China


Chinese automaker BYD (Build Your Dreams) and Mercedes-Benz's parent company Daimler AG have set up a new joint venture called "Shenzhen BYD Daimler New Technology Co. Ltd," to develop electric vehicles for China.

The two companies said that they are planning to invest a total of 600 million yuan (US$87.9 million) in the 50-50 partnership in China.

According to a statement made by Daimler, the German automaker will bring its "know-how in electric vehicle architecture and safety" to the venture, while BYD will contribute "it's excellence in battery technology and e-drive systems".

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